S

Sacques

564;

St. Brendan (C.E. 484-587)

A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]

St.-Foux

27; 39; 85

St. George Parry

389; knife maneuver

St. Helena

74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the East India Company in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133

St. Kenelm's

200; 211

Saint Nicholas

352

St. Omer

222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

St. Peter

26;

Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)

John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of Sir John Wilkes, was associated with Dashwood and the "Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 720; 367; 720

Sal Si Puedes

Sally Lunn

199; a baked good

Samarkand

669

Sandy Bay

127; 159

Sapperton

170; village about 8 miles east of Stroud, and Mason's hometown; 719 Google Map

Sappho's Fragment 95

96; Sappho of Lesbos(@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "Hesperus" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening". Sappho Website

Savage Mountain

683

Scamozz'

260;

Scanderoon

251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

Schess, Frederick

509; Waggoner on M&D crew

Schiehallion

730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; Maskelyne and

schlag

580;

Schuylkill

259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [MAP]

Schvenkfelders

380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

Scotia

571;

Scotismus

596

Scriblerian

413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus, a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

Sea-Fret

243; O.E.D.: fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

Seahorse

21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

Seal

485

Seaton Prize

116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the supreme being." See also Christopher Smart and

Sector

13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [MORE]

Selim

31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

Seneca

532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

Senzacapo, Count

118;

Serpents &c.

135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591; Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

seventh Wrangler

437; See seventh Wrangler

Seven Years' War (1756-63)

The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the Treaty of Paris. See also Battle of Leuthen. [More from Wikipedia]

Seymour

112

Sha

542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

Shakespeare, William

351; 690; Tragedy of Hypatia, 559;

Shambles

289; abattoir

Shantung

169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

Sharpe, Governor Horatio

575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

Shaula, second Altitude of

71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

Shawanese

536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)

497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's Journal. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792); 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; Historical Record

Shelby Seat

575

Shelton, Mr.

13; Shelton Clock, 121;

Shin

485

Shippen, Mr.

293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

Shippen, Peggy

308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

Shippensburg

601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

Shirburn Castle

193;

Shockey, Staphel

496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

Short, Mr.

98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

Shorty

258; the cook

Shovell, Sir Cloudsley

323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

Shuja-ud-Danla

162;

Sideling Hill

601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A. is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata. 850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. [From: Geology]

Silbury Hill

Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [More]

Singleton, Captain John

469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

Sir Cloudsley

130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

Sirius

107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon) (thanks to Steven Spinali) [MORE]

Sisson

119;

Six Nations

513; 531; 571-72; 636

Sixty-six, the

565

Sizer

437; In Cambridge University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and, formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

Skanderoon

47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

Skraellings

633

Slad

527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

Slavery

"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. That was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

Slough, Mr.

342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary, "a place of deep mud or mire."

Slowcombe

52; Fifer on Seahorse

Smart, Christopher (1722-71)

116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." (from another website); Smart's published works include Poems on Several Occasions (1752), The Hilliad: An Epic Poem (1753), A Song to David (1763), Horace Translated into Verse (1767), and Jubilate Agno; Smart and Samuel Johnson

Smedley, Lord

281;

Smith, Captain John

10; Captain of the Seahorse; 349;

Smith, Matt

305;

Smith, Old Sam

638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of Thomas Cresap. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

Snake

643; dog

Snares of Ranelagh

140;

Snorri

633; child of Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni, and the first white child known to have been born in America.

Snotter

566

Snowball, Billy

503

Snow, Mr.

243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [Etymological Musings]

Snowy Owl Year

513

Soames, Jack "Fingers"

53; 699 (?)

Society of Jesus

223; Jesuits organization;

Socko Stoombray

647; Spanish "Se acostumbre." The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

Socrates

283;

Sons of Liberty

564; 570

Soubrette

419

Soupçon de Trop

378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local Repaire [den]"

South Mountain

491;

Spadger

259;

SPANISH TRANSLATIONS

"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

Spanish Visitor

515; 524; 530; See Zarpazo

Spears, Mr.

659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

Spinney, Mr.

454; on M&D crew

Spit, Guy

457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

Squire's Line

694

Squivelli, Mr.

177; LOrecchio Fatale ("The Fateful Ear")

Staindrop Church

233;

Staithes

418

Stamp Act

353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

Star Trek

486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (Kohanim which symbolizes the Hebrew letter shin, the first letter in the word Shaddai (Lord)]

Stations of the Cross

158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

Stayndropshire

233;

Steed

577

Stephens

32;

Stepney

195;

Sterloop

101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

Stewart, Reverend

305;

Stichomythia

473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

Stig

443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610; 692; 706; 738

Stobs

473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund

690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective, universally used reliever of pain. [Source]

Stonehenge

210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)

226; English statesman who was originally opposed to King Charles I, but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by John Pym and Sir Henry Vane, he was beheaded.

Strikes of '43 and '50

244; [MORE]

Stroud

167; 197; 418; Churs of, 501; Google Map

Stuart

551

Stuart Charters

226;

Stukeleyesque

595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote Itinerarium Curiosum (1724) about his travels around Britain.

Styx

399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

Succedaneum

205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

Sullivan, Mr.

162;

Sumptuary Laws

148;
SURFACE:
313; 321; 390; 419

surveying

460-61

Sutton Pool

50;

Svånssen

611-12

Sweet, Mr.

454; on M&D crew

Swifts

202; "glide like" 516

Swivett, Mr.

192; in The George

Sybil

591

Syncope

8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in scarr'd); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

Szabo, Zsuzsa

535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

Szeged, Truce of

A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged, city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass, furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood, corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594